Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Recent progress in iodate based nonlinear optical crystals.

Chemical science·2026

Same author

Cation-Dominated Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Response Enabled by π-Conjugated Guanidinium Derivatives.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Same author

Pyrazinamide-IBr: an organic-inorganic hybrid crystal exhibiting giant optical anisotropy.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026

Same author

[ICl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>-</sup>: A large anisotropic planar anion group produces giant birefringence.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026

Same author

Halogen Anion-Mediated Substitution of Nitrate: Toward Polar Materials with Intense Second-Harmonic Generation Effects.

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Same author

From centrosymmetric (C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub>N<sub>5</sub>)(SbF<sub>4</sub>) to polar (C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>7</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O)(SbF<sub>4</sub>): a new UV nonlinear optical material achieved by functional group modulation.

Chemical science·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Fabrication Procedures and Birefringence Measurements for Designing Magnetically Responsive Lanthanide Ion Chelating Phospholipid Assemblies

Fabrication Procedures and Birefringence Measurements for Designing Magnetically Responsive Lanthanide Ion Chelating Phospholipid Assemblies

Published on: January 3, 2018

BaPb₂(CO₃)₂F₂: Enhancing Birefringence by a Multiunit Synergy Effect.

Yuan Lin^1,2, Rong-Fang Zhang¹, Yucheng Hao³

¹Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou 350117, China.

Inorganic Chemistry

|December 2, 2024

Summary

Researchers developed a new birefringent material, BaPb2(CO3)2F2, exceeding previous carbonate crystals in birefringence. This discovery offers a new pathway for advanced optical materials.

More Related Videos

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals

Published on: April 14, 2020

Solution-Processed "Silver-Bismuth-Iodine" Ternary Thin Films for Lead-Free Photovoltaic Absorbers

Solution-Processed "Silver-Bismuth-Iodine" Ternary Thin Films for Lead-Free Photovoltaic Absorbers

Published on: September 27, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Fabrication Procedures and Birefringence Measurements for Designing Magnetically Responsive Lanthanide Ion Chelating Phospholipid Assemblies

Fabrication Procedures and Birefringence Measurements for Designing Magnetically Responsive Lanthanide Ion Chelating Phospholipid Assemblies

Published on: January 3, 2018

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals

Published on: April 14, 2020

Solution-Processed "Silver-Bismuth-Iodine" Ternary Thin Films for Lead-Free Photovoltaic Absorbers

Solution-Processed "Silver-Bismuth-Iodine" Ternary Thin Films for Lead-Free Photovoltaic Absorbers

Published on: September 27, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Crystallography
Optics

Background:

Carbonates are valuable birefringent materials due to their π-conjugated [CO3] groups, promoting anisotropy.
Maximizing birefringence while maintaining wide transmittance in carbonates presents a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize a novel metal carbonate crystal with enhanced birefringence and wide transmittance.
To explore a synergistic strategy combining multiple functional groups for improved optical properties.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of a new metal carbonate crystal, BaPb2(CO3)2F2, using a multi-functional group synergy strategy.
Characterization of its crystal structure, revealing a two-dimensional layered arrangement.
Measurement of optical properties, including birefringence and UV absorption edge.

Main Results:

The synthesized BaPb2(CO3)2F2 exhibits a large experimental birefringence of ~0.245@546 nm.
It possesses a short ultraviolet absorption edge at 264 nm (Eg = 4.70 eV), indicating potential for UV applications.
The material surpasses the previously reported highest experimental birefringence in carbonate crystals.

Conclusions:

BaPb2(CO3)2F2 is a promising ultraviolet birefringent material.
Theoretical calculations attribute 57% and 43% of the birefringence to the CO3 and PbO3F groups, respectively.
This research provides a novel strategy for designing high-performance birefringent materials.