Association Between Pregnancy and Musculoskeletal Conditions in Active-Duty Military Service Members

Area of Science:

• Military medicine
• Musculoskeletal health
• Women's health

Background:

• Noncombat musculoskeletal conditions (MSKs) are prevalent in service members, with females disproportionately affected.
• Pregnancy and childbirth can negatively impact physical fitness and increase MSK risk for up to a year postpartum.
• Limited research exists on the specific impact of pregnancy on MSK development in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between the postpartum period and the incidence of new musculoskeletal conditions (MSKs).

Main Methods:

• A retrospective, longitudinal cohort study was conducted using data from the Medical Assessment and Readiness System.
• The study included female military service members, comparing those with and without a history of pregnancy.
• Multivariable logistic regression analyzed the relationship between time since pregnancy end and MSK incidence, using ICD-10 codes.

Main Results:

• A total of 298,607 female service members were analyzed, with 19,980 having experienced pregnancy.
• Postpartum service members (65.8%) had higher MSK diagnosis rates than the nonpregnant cohort (60.3%).
• MSK incidence was elevated 3-6 months postpartum, but lower in the first <2 months, with decreasing odds up to 24 months.

Conclusions:

• Pregnancy is associated with an increased likelihood of MSK diagnosis in service members during the 3-6 month period following childbirth.
• Findings suggest a need to re-evaluate postpartum return-to-duty policies.
• Improved understanding of pregnancy-MSK relationships can enhance support for service members and their families.