A Robust and Versatile Mating Function for Two-Sex Population Projection Models Fitting all Types of Mating Systems.

Area of Science:

• Ecology
• Population Dynamics
• Evolutionary Biology

Background:

• Existing two-sex population models use mating functions that overestimate reproductive unions.
• This inaccuracy impacts the understanding of population evolution, demography, and conservation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a novel, ecologically valid, and flexible mating function for discrete-time population models.
• To address limitations in current models for two-sex population dynamics.

Main Methods:

• Developed a new mating function adhering to ecological validity and flexibility for various mating systems.
• Applied the novel function to a case study of the wild boar (Sus scrofa).

Main Results:

• The new function accurately models mating encounters, avoiding overestimation.
• Population growth rate is shown to depend on harem size, operational sex ratio, and mating efficiency.
• The function's applicability to diverse mating systems and tactics was demonstrated.

Conclusions:

• The proposed mating function offers a more robust approach to modeling two-sex populations.
• This advancement is crucial for accurate demographic and evolutionary predictions, especially under global change.
• The function provides a valuable tool for wildlife management and conservation efforts.