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New tile-based circuits converting BCD code to gray, excess-3, and aiken codes in quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA)
Farhad Fouladinia1, Mohammad Gholami2, Pardis Karimi1
1Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran.
Heliyon
|December 3, 2024
Summary
This study introduces three novel Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) digital code converters, offering significant reductions in cell count, area, and power consumption compared to existing designs. These QCA converters provide efficient, compact, and low-power solutions for digital systems.
Area of Science:
- * Nanotechnology and Quantum Computing
- * Digital Electronics and Circuit Design
- * Low-Power Electronic Systems
Background:
- * Traditional Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology faces limitations in stability and power consumption.
- * Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) presents a promising alternative for enhanced physical size and energy efficiency.
- * Efficient digital code converters are essential for various digital signal processing applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To design and evaluate three novel digital code converters using Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA).
- * To optimize circuit implementation using a tile-based approach with efficient majority and inverter gate structures.
- * To demonstrate reduced cell count, occupied area, and energy dissipation compared to existing designs.
Main Methods:
- * Development of three novel QCA-based digital code converters: BCD to Gray, BCD to Excess-3, and BCD to Aiken (2421).
- * Application of a tile-based design methodology for simplified circuit implementation and integration.
- * Performance evaluation using QCADesigner-E version 2.2 simulations to validate functionality and measure energy dissipation.
Main Results:
- * BCD to Gray code converter: 127 cells, 0.18 μm², 3 clock phases, zero NOT gates (7.3% fewer cells, 100% fewer NOT gates).
- * BCD to Excess-3 code converter: 190 cells, 0.25 μm², 7 clock phases, 3 NOT gates (0.5% fewer cells, 13.8% less area, 41.7% fewer clock phases, 25% fewer NOT gates).
- * BCD to Aiken (2421) code converter: 287 cells, 0.22 μm², 5 clock phases, zero NOT gates.
- * Energy dissipation measured at 55.3 meV, 53.7 meV, and 102 meV for the respective converters.
Conclusions:
- * The proposed QCA code converters offer significant improvements in terms of cell count, area, and power efficiency.
- * The tile-based design approach simplifies implementation and enhances integration of QCA circuits.
- * These novel designs present a viable pathway towards more compact and energy-efficient digital systems.
