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Update on central factors in myopia development beyond intraocular mechanisms
Rui-Kang Tian1, Xiao-Xue Tian2, Hai-Bo Yang3
1State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Frontiers in Neurology
|December 3, 2024
Summary
Central factors significantly influence myopia development and progression in children and adolescents. Understanding these brain-related mechanisms is key to developing new myopia control strategies.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Myopia is a common refractive error in children and adolescents, marked by axial eye elongation.
- Intraocular factors (retina, RPE/choroid, sclera) are known regulators of eye growth.
- Emerging evidence highlights the role of central (brain) factors in myopia.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and analyze the central mechanisms contributing to myopia development and progression.
- To explore the interplay between intraocular and central factors in myopia.
Main Methods:
- Review of current scientific literature on myopia.
- Analysis of findings from advanced neuroimaging techniques (fMRI, rs-fMRI).
- Inclusion of data from clinical studies and animal models of myopia.
Main Results:
- Central factors, including brain structure and function alterations, are increasingly implicated in myopia.
- Neuroimaging reveals altered brain activity and connectivity in high myopia (HM).
- Animal studies suggest specific brain nuclei are involved in myopia pathogenesis.
Conclusions:
- Central factors play a significant role in myopia, complementing known intraocular mechanisms.
- Understanding these central mechanisms is vital for developing novel myopia control therapies.
- Further research into brain-eye interactions can lead to strategies to prevent myopia progression and complications.
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