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Related Concept Videos

Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Numerical, phenotypic and functional differences in human dermal resident memory T cells between reticular dermal

Takuya Sato1, Riko Asakawa1, Youichi Ogawa1

  • 1Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Japan.

Skin Health and Disease
|December 3, 2024
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Summary

Resident memory T (TRM) cells and regulatory TRM (regTRM) cells are phenotypically and functionally similar in human skin. However, TRM and regTRM cells are more abundant in the upper reticular dermis.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Resident memory T (TRM) cells and regulatory TRM (regTRM) cells reside in human skin.
  • These cells are found in both epidermis and dermis, with the dermis being significantly thicker.
  • Previous research has not clarified differences in TRM and regTRM cells between upper and lower reticular dermal layers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate numerical, phenotypic, and functional distinctions of TRM and regTRM cells.
  • To compare these cells between the upper and lower reticular dermis in healthy human skin.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized flow cytometry to analyze TRM and regTRM cells.
  • Examined cell counts, phenotypes, and cytokine expression profiles.

Main Results:

  • Phenotype and cytokine expression of TRM and regTRM cells were consistent across reticular dermal layers.
  • A significantly higher cell count for both TRM and regTRM cells was observed in the upper reticular dermis compared to the lower reticular dermis.

Conclusions:

  • TRM and regTRM cells exhibit identical phenotypes and functions in different reticular dermal layers.
  • Both TRM and regTRM cell populations are more prevalent in the upper reticular dermis.