Applications and efficacy of minoxidil in dermatology

Minoxidil, originally developed as an antihypertensive medication, has evolved into a versatile therapeutic agent within dermatology, notably for its effectiveness in promoting hair growth. Despite its widespread use, understanding its precise mechanism of action remains a challenge. This paper addresses this gap by providing a comprehensive review of pharmacological properties, action mechanisms, clinical effectiveness and side effects associated with topical minoxidil. Furthermore, it highlights emerging trends and applications, including its role in treating androgenetic alopecia, its potential for alopecia areata management and its utilization in combination therapies. Additionally, this paper explores novel applications in scar treatment and wound healing. By synthesizing current knowledge and insights, this review adds clarity to the diverse applications of minoxidil, providing valuable guidance for clinicians and researchers aiming to optimize its therapeutic use in dermatology.