Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Enhancing subharmonic response by controlling initial state of monodisperse microbubbles via a multi-gas core.

Ultrasonics sonochemistry·2026

Same author

Dynamic Valence-State-Adaptive Ta Single-Atom Sites for Artificial H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Photosynthesis.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same author

Type-specific antibody detection of herpes simplex virus types 1&2 (HSV-1&2) in fingerstick blood at point-of-care sites by a rapid and sensitive lateral flow immunochromatographic assay.

Journal of immunological methods·2026

Same author

Chemodivergent aminocarbonylation enabled by oxygen vacancy-engineered Pd-doped In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocatalysts.

Science advances·2026

Same author

Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide disrupts the macrophage pyroptosis-neutrophil extracellular traps axis to ameliorate acute lung injury.

Journal of ethnopharmacology·2026

Same author

Traditional Chinese medicine for pediatric adenoid hypertrophy: an Umbrella review of methodological, reporting, and evidence quality.

Frontiers in allergy·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

Published on: August 23, 2018

CO-Tolerant Heterogeneous Ruthenium Catalysts for Efficient Formic Acid Dehydrogenation.

Guangxin Xue¹, Yueyue Jiao^1,2, Xiang Li³

¹Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock, D-18059, Germany.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|December 3, 2024

Summary

Ruthenium catalysts on nitrogen-doped carbon efficiently catalyze formic acid dehydrogenation for hydrogen storage. These catalysts show enhanced stability and activity, outperforming commercial options.

Keywords:

CO tolerant formic acid dehydrogenation heterogeneous catalysis ruthenium catalyst

More Related Videos

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Published on: June 24, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

Published on: August 23, 2018

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Published on: June 24, 2022

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Catalysis
Renewable Energy

Background:

Developing efficient catalysts for formic acid dehydrogenation is crucial for hydrogen storage and release in renewable energy systems.
Ruthenium nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped carbon are theoretically predicted to be effective catalysts, offering improved CO2 selectivity and CO tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and evaluate heterogeneous ruthenium catalysts supported on porous nitrogen-doped carbon with a hierarchical structure.
To experimentally validate the predicted benefits of nitrogen doping for formic acid dehydrogenation.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of ruthenium catalysts (Rux/CN) using carbon nitride (C3N4) as a template and phenanthroline (Phen) as a ligand.
Characterization of catalyst structure and performance in formic acid dehydrogenation reactions.
Testing catalyst thermal stability and turnover frequency (TOF).

Main Results:

The optimal catalyst, Ru7/CN, demonstrated excellent thermal stability at 140 °C.
Ru7/CN achieved a high turnover frequency (TOF >1300 h⁻¹), exceeding commercial Ru5/C by over an order of magnitude.
Nitrogen doping was confirmed to enhance catalyst performance and stability.

Conclusions:

Heterogeneous ruthenium catalysts supported on porous nitrogen-doped carbon are highly effective for formic acid dehydrogenation.
The synthesized Rux/CN catalysts offer a promising, cost-effective alternative for hydrogen storage technologies.
Further research into nitrogen-doped carbon supports can lead to advancements in catalysis for renewable energy.