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Arteries of the Lower Limbs

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

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γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
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Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
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Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
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[Epilepsy and psychiatric disorders (epi-psy)].

Alexis Tarrada1, Coraline Hingray1

  • 1Service de psychiatrie, université de Lorraine et service de neurologie, hôpital central de Nancy, Nancy, France.

La Revue Du Praticien
|December 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Epilepsy (EPI-PSY) is linked to psychiatric disorders, affecting over a third of patients. Treatment involves medication and therapy, with SSRIs being a safe option for anxiety and depression.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology

Context:

  • Epilepsy (EPI-PSY) involves more than seizures; it includes cognitive, behavioral, and psychological issues.
  • The relationship between epilepsy and psychiatric conditions is complex and bidirectional.
  • Psychiatric disorders impact at least one-third of epilepsy patients, rising to 80% in drug-resistant cases.

Purpose:

  • To explore the intricate relationship between epilepsy and psychiatric disorders (Epi-Psy).
  • To outline diagnostic approaches differentiating peri-ictal and inter-ictal psychiatric conditions.
  • To discuss the primary psychiatric comorbidities and therapeutic strategies in epilepsy.

Summary:

  • Key psychiatric disorders associated with epilepsy include psychosis, depression, and anxiety.
Keywords:
EpilepsyMental Disorders

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  • Diagnostic classification distinguishes between disorders linked to seizures (peri-ictal) and those not (inter-ictal).
  • Therapeutic interventions encompass pharmacological (e.g., SSRIs for depression/anxiety) and psychotherapeutic approaches.

    • Impact:

    • Significant impact on patients' quality of life.
    • Highlights the need for integrated care involving general practitioners, epileptologists, and psychiatrists.
    • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can be safely prescribed for comorbid anxiety or depressive disorders.