Change in Systemic Medication and its Influence on Intraocular Pressure - Results From the Gutenberg Health Study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the change in systemic medication and intraocular pressure (IOP) on a population-based level.

The Gutenberg Health Study is a population-based prospective observational cohort study in Germany. As part of the baseline examination (2007-2012) and 5-year follow-up examination (2012-2017), IOP was measured by non-contact tonometry. Systemic medication was recorded at both time points. Multivariable regression analyses were carried out to analyze associations. Moreover, we calculated the dose-response relationship for the dosage change of selective beta-blockers with IOP change over 5 years.

The analysis population included 19,161 eyes of 9633 participants. IOP change was lower in participants with new intake of selective beta-blockers (-0.31 mm Hg, P < 0.001) and increased in those with discontinuation of selective beta-blocker intake (+0.28 mm Hg, P = 0.02). Associations between IOP change and statins and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) could be attributed to co-medications. There was a dose-response relationship for change in selective beta-blocker intake and change in IOP (-0.16 mm Hg/100 mg, P = 0.02).

Use of systemic selective beta-blockers is associated with an IOP change on a population level, whereas the association with other systemic medications on IOP change could be explained by co-medication use or change in blood pressure. Patients undergoing IOP monitoring and management should routinely be asked about changes in systemic medications.