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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...

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Cell-Free DNA Integrity Analysis in Urine Samples

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Nectin-4 Positivity in Genitourinary Malignancies: A Systematic Review.

Emanuele Crupi^1,2, Tiago Costa de Padua¹, Laura Marandino¹

¹Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.

JCO Precision Oncology

|December 3, 2024

Summary

Nectin-4 (N4) is highly expressed in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UBC), particularly in metastatic stages. Non-urothelial genitourinary cancers generally show lower N4 positivity, suggesting N4 as a potential target for UBC therapies.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Genitourinary Cancer Research
Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

Aberrant nectin-4 (N4) expression is identified in various cancers, positioning it as a promising target for antibody-drug conjugates.
N4 is particularly relevant in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UBC), but data on its prevalence in other genitourinary (GU) malignancies are scarce.

Conclusions:

Non-urothelial genitourinary (GU) cancers generally demonstrate lower nectin-4 (N4) positivity than urothelial carcinoma (UC).
N4 expression in bladder cancer varies with tumor stage and the presence of histologic subtypes (HS).
Further prospective studies are warranted to fully elucidate the predictive and prognostic significance of N4 in GU malignancies.