Artificial intelligence and digital tools for design and execution of cardiovascular clinical trials

Recent advances have given rise to a spectrum of digital health technologies that have the potential to revolutionize the design and conduct of cardiovascular clinical trials. Advances in domain tasks such as automated diagnosis and classification, synthesis of high-volume data and latent data from adjacent modalities, patient discovery, telemedicine, remote monitoring, augmented reality, and in silico modelling have the potential to enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness of cardiovascular clinical trials. However, early experience with these tools has also exposed important issues, including regulatory barriers, clinical validation and acceptance, technological literacy, integration with care models, and health equity concerns. This narrative review summarizes the landscape of digital tools at each stage of clinical trial planning and execution and outlines roadblocks and opportunities for successful implementation of digital tools in cardiovascular clinical trials.