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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library
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Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library

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miRNAs in HCC, pathogenesis, and targets.

Guisheng Song1,2, Xiaofan Yu1, Hongtao Shi1,3

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)
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This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in liver cancer (HCC), influencing proliferation, immunity, and metastasis. Targeting miRNAs offers promising diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this deadly disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global health concern, driven by complex molecular alterations.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that critically regulate gene expression in HCC.
  • miRNAs impact key oncogenic pathways, including proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the immune microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of miRNA roles in HCC pathogenesis.
  • To explore the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of miRNAs in liver cancer.
  • To discuss current challenges and future directions for miRNA-based HCC interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review consolidating research on miRNA biogenesis, function, and clinical applications in HCC.
  • Analysis of miRNA involvement in HCC hallmarks: proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune modulation, and drug resistance.
  • Examination of miRNA stability for noninvasive diagnostics and therapeutic delivery strategies.

Main Results:

  • miRNA dysregulation is central to HCC development and progression.
  • miRNAs modulate critical oncogenic pathways and the tumor immune microenvironment.
  • Stable miRNAs in biofluids offer potential for noninvasive HCC diagnosis.
  • miRNA-based therapies show promise for targeted HCC treatment and overcoming drug resistance.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs are pivotal regulators in liver cancer, with significant diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
  • Targeting miRNA pathways presents a promising avenue for novel HCC treatments with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity.
  • Further research into miRNA delivery and clinical translation is essential for realizing their full potential in managing HCC.