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Universal Energy Fluctuations in Inelastic Scattering Processes.

Samuel L Jacob1, John Goold1,2,3, Gabriel T Landi4

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We discovered universal relations for quantum system energy fluctuations during inelastic scattering. Energy release dominates at comparable energies, while high energies recover known fluctuation relations, unifying scattering energy exchange dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Scattering theory
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Quantum scattering is fundamental across physics disciplines, from high-energy to mesoscopic scales.
  • Understanding energy fluctuations in quantum systems is crucial for both theoretical and experimental advancements.
  • Existing fluctuation relations often assume macroscopic driving sources, limiting their applicability to microscopic quantum interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To uncover universal relations governing energy fluctuations in quantum systems undergoing inelastic scattering with a single particle.
  • To investigate the asymmetry between energy absorption and release processes in quantum scattering.
  • To establish a unified framework for energy fluctuations driven by quantum particles, not macroscopic sources.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of quantum scattering processes.
  • Derivation of fluctuation relations based on the nonunital nature of quantum maps.
  • Investigation of energy exchange dynamics across a range of kinetic energies.

Main Results:

  • A novel fluctuation relation is proven, highlighting an asymmetry between energy absorption and release.
  • A bound on the average energy exchanged during scattering is derived.
  • Energy release is found to be dominant when particle kinetic energy is comparable to system energies.
  • At very high kinetic energies, previously established fluctuation relations are recovered.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a unified perspective on quantum energy fluctuations in scattering processes.
  • The findings are applicable to scenarios where the driving source is a quantum particle, not a macroscopic bath.
  • The derived relations offer new insights into the fundamental thermodynamics of quantum interactions.