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Related Concept Videos

Sound Waves: Interference00:53

Sound Waves: Interference

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Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
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Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves01:05

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The intensity of sound waves can be related to displacement and pressure amplitudes by using their wave expressions and the definition of intensity. The critical step to achieve this is to write the power delivered by the particles on the wave as the product of force and velocity and simplify the force per unit area as the pressure. The velocity of the medium's particles can be derived from the displacement.
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Shock Waves01:16

Shock Waves

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While deriving the Doppler formula for the observed frequency of a sound wave, it is assumed that the speed of sound in the medium is greater than the source's speed through it. When this condition is breached, a shock wave occurs.
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Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Sound as Pressure Waves01:17

Sound as Pressure Waves

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Sound waves, which are longitudinal waves, can be modeled as the displacement amplitude varying as a function of the spatial and temporal coordinates. As a column of the medium is displaced, its successive columns are also displaced. As the successive displacements differ relatively, a pressure difference with the surrounding pressure is created. The gauge pressure varies across the medium.
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Turbulent Flow01:24

Turbulent Flow

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Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent...
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Investigating the Three-dimensional Flow Separation Induced by a Model Vocal Fold Polyp
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Three-Dimensional Acoustic Turbulence: Weak Versus Strong.

E A Kochurin1,2, E A Kuznetsov2,3,4

  • 1<a href="https://ror.org/051jjt714">Institute of Electrophysics</a>, Ural Branch of RAS, 620016, Yekaterinburg, Russia.

Physical Review Letters
|December 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Direct numerical simulations reveal the Zakharov-Sagdeev spectrum in acoustic turbulence, even without dispersion. Increased nonlinear effects in the nondispersion case lead to random shocks and the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili spectrum.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Plasma physics
  • Wave phenomena

Background:

  • Acoustic turbulence describes complex wave interactions.
  • Understanding turbulence spectra is key in fluid and plasma physics.
  • Previous studies focused on dispersion effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate acoustic turbulence spectra in weak and strong regimes.
  • To explore the Zakharov-Sagdeev spectrum in nondispersion (ND) cases.
  • To analyze the transition to shock-dominated turbulence.

Main Methods:

  • Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of three-dimensional acoustic turbulence.
  • Analysis of wave-number (k) space spectra.
  • Examination of nonlinear and dispersion/diffraction effects.

Main Results:

  • The Zakharov-Sagdeev spectrum (∝k^{-3/2}) was observed in weak turbulence, including the ND case.
  • Jets in the form of narrow cones accompany these spectra.
  • In the ND case, dominant nonlinear effects lead to shock formation and the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili spectrum.

Conclusions:

  • The Zakharov-Sagdeev spectrum is robust and exists even without dispersion.
  • Acoustic turbulence transitions to random shocks under strong nonlinear driving in the ND case.
  • The findings contribute to understanding nonlinear wave phenomena and turbulence.