Combating multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus infection using terpene and its derivative

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Pharmacology
• Natural Products Chemistry

Background:

• Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus, including MRSA and VRSA strains, is a critical global health threat.
• Limited development of new antibiotics and treatment options pose significant challenges in managing S. aureus infections.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the potential of terpenes and their derivatives as antimicrobial agents against S. aureus.
• To explore their mechanisms of action, synergistic effects with conventional antibiotics, and potential for clinical use.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of current studies on terpenes and their antimicrobial properties.
• Analysis of terpene interactions with S. aureus efflux pumps and cell membranes.
• Evaluation of synergistic effects with existing antibiotics.

Main Results:

• Terpenes exhibit antimicrobial activity and can act as potent inhibitors of S. aureus efflux pumps (e.g., NorA, TetK, MepA).
• Terpenes demonstrate synergistic effects when combined with conventional antibiotics, significantly enhancing efficacy.
• Terpenes possess cell membrane disruptive and antibiofilm properties, crucial for combating bacterial pathogenesis and resistance.

Conclusions:

• Terpenes offer a promising avenue for developing novel therapeutic strategies against antibiotic-resistant S. aureus.
• Their ability to inhibit efflux pumps, disrupt cell membranes, and exhibit antibiofilm activity highlights their potential.
• Further research into clinical translation is warranted to harness the full potential of terpenes in combating infectious pathogens.