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The Tongue and Taste Buds

The Tongue and Taste Buds

The surface of the tongue is covered with various small bumps called papillae, which either distribute what has been ingested (filiform papillae) or contain the sensory taste (or gustatory) receptor cells (fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae). Embedded within each taste-related papilla are the taste buds—clusters of 30 to 100 gustatory receptor cells.

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A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Technique to Collect Fungiform Taste Papillae from Human Tongue

Technique to Collect Fungiform Taste Papillae from Human Tongue

Published on: September 18, 2010

Histopathological Comparison of Various Tongue Base Reduction Processes.

S B Cobden¹, I Ozcan¹, S Altıparmak²

¹Department of Otolaringology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kayseri City Education and Training Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.

Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice

|December 3, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The Sutter method for tongue base reduction resulted in the most significant tissue reduction and fibrosis compared to other devices. All tested methods for obstructive sleep apnea treatment were found to be safe.

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Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Sleep Medicine
Surgical Innovation

Background:

Tongue base reduction surgery is a minimally invasive outpatient procedure for hypopharyngeal obstruction causing obstructive sleep apnea.
Limited comparative studies exist on various tongue base reduction devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the histological effects of four different tongue base reduction devices: Celon radiofrequency, monopolar cautery, Coblator, and Sutter.
Evaluate tissue changes, specifically fibrosis and thickness, following these procedures.

Main Methods:

Twenty-three female rats were divided into four treatment groups (monopolar cautery, Celon radiofrequency, Coblator, Sutter) and one control group.
Tongue base reduction was performed using the specified devices.
Tongues were harvested for histological examination one week post-procedure.

Main Results:

The Sutter method induced the highest amount of fibrosis, followed by the Coblator.
All tested methods significantly reduced tissue thickness compared to the control group.
Tissue reduction was most pronounced in the Sutter group, with monopolar, Celon RF, and Coblator showing similar average tissue thicknesses.

Conclusions:

All evaluated tongue base reduction methods were deemed safe.
The Sutter method demonstrated the greatest potential for tissue reduction and induced the most significant fibrosis.