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Aluminum resistance in plants: A critical review focusing on STOP1
Chao-Feng Huang1, Yingtang Ma1
1Key Laboratory of Plant Design, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Abstract:
Aluminum (Al) toxicity poses a significant challenge for plant production on acidic soils, which constitute approximately 30% of the world's ice-free land. To combat Al toxicity, plants have evolved both external and internal detoxification mechanisms. The zinc-finger transcription factor STOP1 (SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY 1) plays a critical and conserved role in Al resistance by inducing genes involved in both external exclusion and internal detoxification mechanisms. Recent studies have uncovered multiple layers of post-transcriptional regulation of STOP1 and have elucidated mechanisms by which plants sense Al and activate signaling cascades that regulate STOP1 function. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms through which STOP1 and its homologs confer Al resistance in plants, with a particular focus on Arabidopsis thaliana and rice. Additionally, we discuss recent advances and future perspectives in understanding the post-transcriptional regulation of STOP1, as well as the Al sensing and signaling pathways upstream of STOP1.
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