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Related Concept Videos

Volatilization01:10

Volatilization

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Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
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In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids BPCA
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Polymer Capsules with Volatile Organic Compounds as Reference Materials for Controlled Emission.

Anna Musyanovych1, Christoph Grimmer2, Ali Enis Sadak3

  • 1Fraunhofer IMM, Carl Zeiss Str. 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|December 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed polyurethane/polyurea microcapsules for controlled volatile organic compound (VOC) release, creating potential emission reference materials (ERMs). Limonene-loaded microcapsules demonstrated stable emission rates, showing promise for ERM applications.

Keywords:
emission testingmembrane emulsificationpolyadditionpolymer microcapsulesvolatile organic compound (VOC)

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Controlled release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is crucial for emission reference materials (ERMs).
  • Developing stable microcapsules for consistent VOC evaporation presents a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize polyurethane/polyurea microcapsules for encapsulating VOCs.
  • To evaluate the potential of these microcapsules as emission reference materials.

Main Methods:

  • Interfacial polymerization using Shirasu porous glass membrane emulsification.
  • Optimization of surfactant, VOC, and monomer ratios for microcapsule formulation.
  • Characterization using microscopy (optical, SEM), FTIR, and TGA.
  • Emission testing according to EN 16516 standard.

Main Results:

  • Successfully produced microcapsules (10-50 μm) with VOCs like limonene, pinene, and toluene.
  • Encapsulation efficiency varied (54-7 wt%) depending on VOC properties.
  • Optimized microcapsules exhibited spherical shape, core-shell structure, and urethane-urea bonds.
  • Limonene microcapsules showed <10% emission rate change over 14 days.

Conclusions:

  • Polyurethane/polyurea microcapsules are effective for encapsulating VOCs.
  • Optimized microcapsules demonstrate stability and controlled release properties.
  • Limonene-loaded microcapsules show potential as reliable emission reference materials.