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Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Detection of Toxin Translocation into the Host Cytosol by Surface Plasmon Resonance
Published on: January 3, 2012
The diverse landscape of AB5-type toxins
Paris I Brown1, Adaobi Ojiakor1, Antonio J Chemello1
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2E9, Canada.
Abstract:
AB5-type toxins are a group of secreted protein toxins that are central virulence factors for bacterial pathogens such as Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholerae, Bordetella pertussis, and certain lineages of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. AB5 toxins are composed of an active (A) subunit that manipulates host cell biology in complex with a pentameric binding/delivery (B) subunit that mediates the toxin's entry into host cells and its subsequent intracellular trafficking. Broadly speaking, all known AB5-type toxins adopt similar structural architectures and employ similar mechanisms of binding, entering and trafficking within host cells. Despite this, there is a remarkable amount of diversity amongst AB5-type toxins; this includes different toxin families with unrelated activities, as well as variation within families that can have profound functional consequences. In this review, we discuss the diversity that exists amongst characterized AB5-type toxins, with an emphasis on the genetic and functional variability within AB5 toxin families, how this may have evolved, and its impact on human disease.
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