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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

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Homologous Recombination02:31

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells
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CRISPR-based gene editing technology and its application in microbial engineering.

Junwei Wei1, Yingjun Li1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.

Engineering Microbiology
|December 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas enable precise genetic modifications. This review covers CRISPR-Cas systems, base editing, prime editing, and CRISPR-associated transposase technologies for applications in microorganisms.

Keywords:
CRISPR-Cas systemGene editingIndustrial microorganismsProbiotics

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetic Engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Gene editing allows targeted modification of DNA for new functions or phenotypes.
  • Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas systems offer efficient genetic engineering tools for cells and organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging gene editing tools: Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR-Cas systems.
  • To detail CRISPR-Cas mechanisms, strategies (endogenous, exogenous), and novel technologies like base editors (BE), prime editors (PE), and CRISPR-associated transposase (CAST).
  • To summarize CRISPR-based applications in industrial microorganisms and probiotics, discussing future challenges and perspectives.

Main Methods:

  • Review of ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR-Cas technologies.
  • Detailed explanation of CRISPR-Cas system principles, classification, and mechanisms.
  • Description of gene editing strategies including BE, PE, and CAST technologies.

Main Results:

  • Overview of three major gene editing tools and their mechanisms.
  • Detailed insights into advanced CRISPR-based editing strategies and novel technologies.
  • Summary of CRISPR applications in modifying industrial microorganisms and probiotics.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-Cas technology is a powerful tool for genetic engineering.
  • Emerging technologies like BE, PE, and CAST expand gene editing capabilities.
  • CRISPR-based tools show significant potential for industrial biotechnology, despite challenges.