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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Environmental Health
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Adolescence is a critical period for brain development, making it vulnerable to environmental factors.
  • Brain age estimation offers a method to assess individual brain maturation trajectories.
  • Previous research suggests environmental exposures can influence neurodevelopment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between environmental factors and brain maturation in adolescents.
  • To identify specific brain metrics and environmental exposures associated with accelerated or delayed brain aging.
  • To explore how these associations differ between groups with varying cognitive performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) cohort (N=7,435, ages 9-10).
  • Employed brain age estimation to categorize participants into accelerated and delayed brain maturation groups.
  • Conducted a 4-way multi-set canonical correlation analysis integrating brain metrics (gray matter density, morphology, functional connectivity) with environmental factors (air pollution, crime, population density).

Main Results:

  • A significant correlation was found between neural features and environmental factors including air pollution, area crime, and population density.
  • Strong correlations (0.65-0.77) were observed among brain modalities, linking specific gray matter reductions, volume changes, cortical thickness increases, and functional connectivity patterns.
  • These brain variations were more pronounced in the accelerated brain aging group and associated with higher air pollution, area crime, and population density.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental factors such as air pollution, crime, and population density are significantly associated with adolescent brain maturation patterns.
  • Accelerated brain aging in adolescents, linked to enhanced cognitive performance, shows distinct associations with these environmental exposures.
  • Findings highlight the complex interplay between environment and neurodevelopment during adolescence, with implications for public health and targeted interventions.