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A Record-High Cryogenic Magnetocaloric Effect Discovered in EuCl2 Compound.

Bingjie Wang1,2, Xinyang Liu1,3, Fengxia Hu1,2,4

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Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 4, 2024
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We discovered Europium Chloride (EuCl2) exhibits giant magnetocaloric effect (MCE), achieving record magnetic entropy change for cryogenic cooling. This material approaches theoretical limits, enabling efficient sub-Kelvin temperatures.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration (ADR) utilizes the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) for cryogenic applications.
  • Existing magnetic refrigerants show magnetic entropy change (ΔSM) significantly below theoretical maximums.
  • Optimizing MCE is crucial for advancing ADR technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the magnetocaloric properties of orthorhombic EuCl2.
  • To explore EuCl2 as a potential high-performance cryogenic refrigerant.
  • To achieve a magnetic entropy change approaching theoretical limits.

Main Methods:

  • Combined ab initio calculations with Brillouin function analysis.
  • Conducted magnetic measurements to determine magnetic properties.
  • Performed direct quasi-adiabatic demagnetization experiments.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a ferromagnetic ground state in EuCl2 with excellent single-ion behavior.
  • Achieved a record-high magnetic entropy change (ΔSM) of ~74.6 J·kg−1·K−1 at 1.8 K and 5 T, reaching 96% of the theoretical limit.
  • Recorded the highest-ever ΔSM of ~36.8 J·kg−1·K−1 at 1 T and maintained sub-Kelvin temperatures (~346 mK) for an extended duration.

Conclusions:

  • Orthorhombic EuCl2 exhibits giant magnetocaloric effect surpassing existing materials.
  • EuCl2's performance positions it as a highly attractive material for cryogenic refrigeration.
  • The material's ability to maintain sub-Kelvin temperatures offers significant advantages for ADR.