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Printing Thermoresponsive Reverse Molds for the Creation of Patterned Two-component Hydrogels for 3D Cell Culture

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Segmented, Side-Emitting Hydrogel Optical Fibers for Multimaterial Extrusion Printing.

Zahra Kafrashian^1,2, Stefan Brück¹, Peter Rogin¹

¹INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|December 5, 2024

Summary

Multimaterial extrusion printing creates custom side-emitting hydrogel optical fibers. This technology enables precise control over light emission for applications like photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Keywords:

hydrogel extrusion printing hydrogel waveguide multimaterial printing photoactivation side‐emitting optical fiber

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Biomedical Engineering
Optics

Background:

Side-emitting optical fibers require modulated properties along their length for customized light emission.
Continuous processing of soft waveguides presents challenges in achieving tailored emission profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate multimaterial extrusion printing for fabricating hydrogel optical fibers with tailored segments for side-emission.
To develop a method for creating customized side-emission profiles in soft optical fibers.

Main Methods:

Utilized diacrylated Pluronic F-127 (PluDA) as the base material for hydrogel optical fibers.
Employed multimaterial extrusion printing to create 1 mm diameter fibers by switching between PluDA waveguiding ink and PluDA scattering ink.
Achieved segment lengths below 500 microns through controlled switching times during continuous printing.

Main Results:

Successfully fabricated hydrogel optical fibers with distinct segments exhibiting tailored optical properties.
Demonstrated customized side-emission profiles along the length of the printed fibers.
Validated fiber functionality by exciting fluorescence within a surrounding 3D hydrogel.

Conclusions:

Multimaterial extrusion printing offers unprecedented flexibility in designing soft optical fibers with customizable optical properties.
The developed technology and material combination provide a simple process for creating advanced optical fibers.
This approach holds potential for improving tissue illumination in photodynamic therapy (PDT).