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Updated: Jun 5, 2025
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Published on: December 10, 2007
Highly Selective Cytokine Induction of Nitrated Lipid-Modified α-GalCer Derivatives Demonstrating High Binding
Kodai Sueyoshi1,2, Junichiro Kishi1, Shinsuke Inuki3
1Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan.
Glycolipid antigens are presented by CD1d on antigen-presenting cells to T cell receptors (TCRs) of natural killer T (NKT) cells, leading to immune responses via cytokine induction. Although various lipid antigens have been found, there are only a limited number of glycolipid antigens having selective cytokine induction. In this study, we identified the glycolipids (α-GalCer nitro-type) that exhibit highly selective induction of Th2 and Th17 type cytokines, with very high binding affinity to CD1d, by introducing nature-inspired nitro-modified fatty acyl groups. The natural nitroalkene moiety of fatty acyl groups in the glycolipids effectively enhances the affinity to CD1d through presumed hydrogen-bonding and NO2-π interactions, leading to the distinctive function in cytokine induction and selectivity.
Glycolipid antigens are presented by CD1d on antigen-presenting cells to T cell receptors (TCRs) of natural killer T (NKT) cells, leading to immune responses via cytokine induction. Although various lipid antigens have been found, there are only a limited number of glycolipid antigens having selective cytokine induction. In this study, we identified the glycolipids (α-GalCer nitro-type) that exhibit highly selective induction of Th2 and Th17 type cytokines, with very high binding affinity to CD1d, by introducing nature-inspired nitro-modified fatty acyl groups. The natural nitroalkene moiety of fatty acyl groups in the glycolipids effectively enhances the affinity to CD1d through presumed hydrogen-bonding and NO2-π interactions, leading to the distinctive function in cytokine induction and selectivity.
