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Related Concept Videos

Couette Flow01:22

Couette Flow

206
Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
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Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

147
Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is...
147
Coulometry: Overview01:00

Coulometry: Overview

1.0K
Coulometry is one of the rapid, most accurate, and precise analytical techniques that determine the quantity of an analyte by measuring the electrical charge needed for its complete electrolysis without using any analytical standards. The total charge passed during electrolysis correlates with the analyte amount by Faraday's laws of electrolysis. For accurate coulometric measurements, a charge equal to Faraday's constant multiplied by the number of electrons involved in the relevant...
1.0K
Constant Pressure Calorimetry03:02

Constant Pressure Calorimetry

84.7K
Calorimetry is a technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process or to measure the heat transferred to or from a substance. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated and insulated device called the calorimeter. Calorimetry experiments are based on the assumption that there is no heat exchange between the insulated calorimeter and the external environment. The well-insulated calorimeters prevent the transfer of heat between the calorimeter and its external...
84.7K
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

132
Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
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Poiseuille's Law and Reynolds Number01:10

Poiseuille's Law and Reynolds Number

6.3K
Any fluid in a horizontal tube can flow due to pressure differences—fluid flows from high to low pressure. The flow rate (Q) is the ratio of pressure difference and resistance through a horizontal tube. The greater the pressure difference, the higher the flow rate. The flow resistance is expressed as:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Rapid Viscoelastic Characterization of Airway Mucus Using a Benchtop Rheometer
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Rapid Viscoelastic Characterization of Airway Mucus Using a Benchtop Rheometer

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A low-cost, open-source cylindrical Couette rheometer.

Makita Erni1, A John Hart2, David Trumper2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. merni@alum.mit.edu.

Scientific Reports
|December 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a low-cost, open-source rheometer (OSR) using 3D printing for accessible fluid flow analysis. This device accurately measures viscosity and complex fluid behavior, democratizing rheological testing for education and research.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Instrumentation

Background:

  • Rheology, the study of fluid flow, is crucial for diverse applications but often requires expensive, complex equipment.
  • Traditional rheometers are inaccessible for many due to cost, size, and infrastructure needs.
  • Simplistic viscosity measurements fail to capture the complex behavior of many real-world fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a low-cost, open-source rheometer (OSR) for accessible rheological measurements.
  • To demonstrate the OSR's capability in measuring both Newtonian and complex fluid properties.
  • To provide a platform for further innovation in affordable rheometry.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed an Open Source Rheometer (OSR) using 3D printed parts and off-the-shelf components with a bill of materials under $200.
  • Employed a strain-controlled shear flow method where a micro stepping motor rotates a tool in a fluid sample.
  • Measured reaction torque using a load cell to calculate viscosity and other rheological parameters.

Main Results:

  • The OSR achieved under 23% error when measuring Newtonian fluids (0.1-10 Pa.s) against benchmark values.
  • Flow curves for complex fluids (microgel, foam, biopolymer solution) were successfully measured within a similar error range.
  • Demonstrated transient measurements, including stress relaxation on a biopolymer solution, extracting the nonlinear damping function.

Conclusions:

  • The OSR offers a cost-effective alternative (∼1/25th the price of commercial devices) for rheological analysis.
  • The open-source platform enables widespread adoption and customization for educational and research purposes.
  • The OSR successfully bridges the gap in accessibility for advanced fluid characterization.