Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

385
The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
385
Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers

316
β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation,...
316
Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

517
Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
517
Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

340
Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
340
Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers01:31

Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers

406
Third-generation β-blockers, such as labetalol and carvedilol, represent a significant advancement in managing cardiovascular conditions. Unlike conventional β-blockers, which can induce peripheral vasoconstriction, third-generation drugs block α1 adrenoceptors. This promotes vasodilation through several mechanisms, such as increased nitric oxide production, inhibition of calcium ion entry, opening of potassium ion channels, and antioxidant action. Labetalol, for instance, is...
406
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

1.5K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Delivering Quadruple Therapy for Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction in a Customizable Polypill: The COMBO-HF-X Pilot Randomized Trial.

JACC. Heart failure·2026
Same author

Provider Preferences About a Polypill for Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Development of a Multicenter Physician Survey Containing a Discrete Choice Experiment.

Journal of cardiac failure - intersections·2026
Same author

A Contemporary Perspective on Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Classification: A State-of-the-art Review from an International Expert Group.

Cardiac failure review·2026
Same author

Rationale and design of a randomized, sham-controlled, clinical trial for evaluation of the Edwards APTURE transcatheter shunt system (ALT-FLOW II).

European journal of heart failure·2026
Same author

Patient-Reported Health Status Among Patients With Heart Failure With Improved Ejection Fraction.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2025
Same author

Characteristics and Survival Among Patients With Cardiogenic Shock Undergoing Mitral Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair.

JACC. Advances·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
07:09

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs

Published on: February 18, 2022

1.8K

New and future heart failure drugs.

Leila Haghighat1,2, Colette DeJong3, John R Teerlink4

  • 1Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Nature Cardiovascular Research
|December 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

New heart failure drugs, including angiotensin-neprilysin inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors, are now recommended by major guidelines. Future treatments focus on neurohormonal modulation, anti-inflammatory agents, and improving cardiac energy metabolism and contractility.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Graft Viability Assessment Through Quantitative Metrics and Innovative Reservoir Systems
08:49

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Graft Viability Assessment Through Quantitative Metrics and Innovative Reservoir Systems

Published on: August 2, 2024

663
Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

6.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2025

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
07:09

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs

Published on: February 18, 2022

1.8K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Graft Viability Assessment Through Quantitative Metrics and Innovative Reservoir Systems
08:49

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Graft Viability Assessment Through Quantitative Metrics and Innovative Reservoir Systems

Published on: August 2, 2024

663
Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

6.4K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Heart failure pathophysiology understanding has advanced significantly.
  • New drug classes have emerged, including angiotensin-neprilysin inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and oral soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss novel and future heart failure medications.
  • To explain their mechanisms of action and evaluate clinical trial performance.
  • To summarize guideline recommendations for their use.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent large randomized controlled trials.
  • Analysis of current and emerging heart failure drug classes.
  • Synthesis of 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA and 2023 ESC guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and oral soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators are now guideline-recommended.
  • Future therapies target neurohormonal systems, inflammation, energy metabolism, and cardiac contractility.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians and researchers are provided a comprehensive overview of novel heart failure therapeutics.
  • The review highlights the impact of recent advancements on heart failure management.
  • Emerging drugs offer promising avenues for future heart failure treatment.