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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the active octapeptide, angiotensin II. This potent vasoconstrictor narrows blood vessels, increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone production, encouraging kidney cells to reabsorb more sodium and water from urine, thereby increasing...
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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles coupled with Gq proteins. The activation of these receptors activates an enzyme called phospholipase C, which releases two molecules: inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These molecules cause a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains and promotes interaction between actin and myosin, leading to smooth...
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In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge
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microRNA and Hypertension.

Lishu He1,2, Yong Liu1, Michael E Widlansky3

  • 1Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson (L.H., Y.L., Q.Q., M.L.).

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
|December 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) significantly impact blood pressure regulation and hypertension by affecting vascular and renal functions. Further research into specific miRNAs and their cellular mechanisms is crucial for understanding blood pressure control.

Keywords:
blood pressurecardiovascular systemgeneticskidneymicroRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Genetics
  • Physiology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression.
  • Dysregulation of miRNAs is implicated in various cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension.
  • Understanding miRNA roles is vital for developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the influence of microRNAs (miRNAs) on blood pressure regulation.
  • To explore the role of miRNAs in the genetic control of hypertension.
  • To identify future research directions for miRNA-based hypertension therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating miRNA function in blood pressure.
  • Analysis of miRNA involvement in vascular and renal physiological mechanisms.
  • Examination of genetic studies linking miRNAs to blood pressure variability.

Main Results:

  • Specific miRNAs demonstrate potent effects on blood pressure.
  • miRNAs modulate vascular tone, renal function, and other physiological pathways.
  • Evidence suggests miRNAs contribute to the genetic basis of hypertension.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are critical modulators of blood pressure and hypertension development.
  • Further investigation into context-specific miRNA actions is warranted.
  • Integrating miRNAs into a systems biology approach will advance hypertension research.