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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Rapid Nanoprobe Signal Enhancement by In Situ Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis
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Rapid Nanoprobe Signal Enhancement by In Situ Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

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Terahertz virus-sized gold nanogap sensor.

Gangseon Ji1, Hwan Sik Kim2, Seong Ho Cha2

  • 1Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 449419, Republic of Korea.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)
|December 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

We developed a highly sensitive terahertz (THz) virus detection method using gold nanogaps. This technique can detect approximately 100 viruses, offering a significant advancement in rapid viral detection.

Keywords:
atomic layer lithographynanogaprefractive index sensingterahertz sensingterahertz time-domain spectroscopyvirus

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Terahertz Spectroscopy
  • Biosensing

Background:

  • Accurate and rapid virus detection is crucial for public health.
  • Existing methods often lack the required sensitivity or speed.
  • Terahertz (THz) waves offer unique properties for non-ionizing spectroscopy and sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an ultra-sensitive terahertz (THz) method for virus detection.
  • To utilize virus-sized gold nanogaps for enhanced THz signal transduction.
  • To investigate the impact of nanogap geometry on detection sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of large-area, high-density 20 nm-gap rectangular loop structures using atomic layer lithography.
  • Utilizing terahertz (THz) spectroscopy to monitor resonant frequency shifts.
  • Employing virus-sized gold nanogaps filled with Al2O3 for enhanced field confinement.

Main Results:

  • Observed a significant redshift in the resonant peak with approximately 100 viruses per unit loop.
  • Achieved doubled sensitivity with viruses tightly bridging etched nanogaps.
  • Demonstrated a 400% increase in resonance frequency shift per virus particle compared to previous work.
  • Experimental results agreed well with full-wave simulations and theoretical calculations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed terahertz (THz) nanogap system offers ultra-high sensitivity for virus detection.
  • The sensitivity is primarily governed by changes in refractive index within the nanogap's optical hotspot.
  • Future work can further enhance sensitivity by tuning nanogap-loops to virus-specific vibrational modes for fingerprinting.