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Grating-lobe-free optical phased array with 2-D circular sparse array aperture and high-efficiency phase calibration.

Daixin Lian1, Shi Zhao1, Wenlei Li1

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Center for Optical & Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates a silicon photonic optical phased array (OPA) with a 2-D circular sparse aperture. The novel design achieves wide field-of-view beam steering with suppressed grating lobes and fast phase calibration.

Keywords:
optical phased arrayphase calibrationsiliconsparse array

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Optical Engineering
  • Integrated Optics

Background:

  • Optical phased arrays (OPAs) are crucial for beam steering applications.
  • Achieving wide field-of-view (FOV) operation without grating lobes is a significant challenge.
  • Fast and accurate phase calibration is essential for OPA performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate a 2-D circular sparse array OPA on a silicon photonic platform.
  • To develop and verify an improved algorithm for fast and accurate OPA phase calibration.
  • To evaluate the beam steering performance and range measurement capabilities of the fabricated OPA.

Main Methods:

  • Design and fabrication of a 32-element antenna sparse distribution OPA using silicon photonics.
  • Implementation of a golden section search method-based rotating element electric field vector (GSS-REV) algorithm for phase calibration.
  • Far-field beam steering measurements and frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) range measurements.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated OPA with no grating lobes in 2-D full FOV.
  • Achieved beam steering over a 20° × 20° range.
  • Measured side lobe suppression ratio (SLSR) > 4.81 dB and full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of ~0.63° × 0.59°.
  • Derived ~1076 resolvable points.
  • Successful demonstration of range measurement using FMCW system.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed 2-D circular sparse array OPA enables wide FOV beam steering with suppressed grating lobes.
  • The GSS-REV algorithm provides fast and accurate phase calibration for OPAs.
  • The integrated OPA chip shows potential for advanced applications including range measurement.