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UV–Vis Spectrometers

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...

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Gauss's Law

Gauss's Law

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

Published on: August 12, 2013

Optical metasurfaces for generating and manipulating optical vortex beams.

Hammad Ahmed¹, Hongyoon Kim², Yuebian Zhang³

¹School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH144AS, UK.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)

|December 5, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Optical metasurfaces enable miniaturized generation and manipulation of optical vortices (OVs) carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). This breakthrough offers a flexible, low-cost platform for advanced optical applications and consumer electronics.

Keywords:

OAM holography OAM multiplexing OAM sorting OAM superposition nonlinear metasurfaces optical metasurfaces

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

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Published on: August 12, 2013

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Published on: September 25, 2020

Area of Science:

Photonics and Optics
Metamaterials
Optical Angular Momentum

Background:

Optical vortices (OVs) with orbital angular momentum (OAM) offer unique information-carrying capabilities.
Conventional methods for OV generation are bulky, expensive, and lack design flexibility.
Optical metasurfaces provide subwavelength control over light properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in generating and manipulating OVs using optical metasurfaces.
To discuss various optical manipulation techniques for OVs, including superposition, sorting, multiplexing, and holography.
To highlight the potential of metasurface-based OVs for future optical technologies.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on optical metasurface applications for OVs.
Discussion of metasurface designs enabling OAM superposition, sorting, multiplexing, and holography.
Exploration of nonlinear metasurfaces for enhanced OAM generation and control.

Main Results:

Optical metasurfaces offer a pathway to ultrathin, flexible, and cost-effective OV devices.
Demonstrated capabilities include OAM superposition, sorting, multiplexing, and holographic applications.
Nonlinear metasurfaces show promise for advanced OAM manipulation.

Conclusions:

Metasurface-based OVs represent a significant advancement in optical manipulation.
These technologies are poised to drive progress in consumer electronics and portable optical systems.
The development of miniaturized OAM systems is crucial for future applications.