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Programmable topological metasurface to modulate spatial and surface waves in real time.

Qiang Xiao^1,2, Qian Ma^1,2, Yu Ming Ning^1,2

¹Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)

|December 5, 2024

Summary

We developed a programmable topological metasurface that intelligently controls surface and spatial waves. This novel device enables real-time, dynamic wave manipulation for advanced wireless communications and sensing applications.

Keywords:

programmable metasurface spatial-wave modulation surface-wave modulation topological metasurface

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2025

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Area of Science:

Metamaterials and Nanophotonics
Condensed Matter Physics
Electromagnetics

Background:

Metasurfaces offer unique wave manipulation capabilities.
Integrating control over both surface and spatial waves in a single platform remains a challenge.
Topological principles provide robust waveguiding properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and demonstrate a programmable topological metasurface for simultaneous modulation of spatial and surface waves.
To present a general design methodology for creating programmable metasurface elements using PIN diodes.
To achieve real-time, independent control over distinct wave types through dynamic programming.

Main Methods:

Design of programmable metasurface elements utilizing PIN diodes.
Programming of C3-symmetry elements to guide surface waves along topological domain walls.
Modulation of spatial waves using C6-symmetry element patterns.
Independent control of bias voltages for dynamic C3/C6 symmetry combinations.
Near- and far-field experimental validation.

Main Results:

Demonstrated dynamical manipulation of surface waves via topological domain-wall propagation.
Achieved flexible modulation of spatial waves through programmable C6-symmetry patterns.
Experimental results showed good agreement with numerical simulations.
Validated real-time, time-division control of both wave types by distinct element states.

Conclusions:

The proposed programmable topological metasurface enables multifunctional metadevices.
This technology offers significant potential for future wireless communication systems.
The platform holds promise for enhanced smart sensing applications.