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Synthesis of Core-shell Lanthanide-doped Upconversion Nanocrystals for Cellular Applications

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Published on: November 10, 2017

Four- and five-photon upconversion lasing from rare earth elements under continuous-wave pump and room temperature.

Bo Jiang¹, Yuchan Hu¹, Linhao Ren¹

¹Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)

|December 5, 2024

Summary

Researchers achieved simultaneous four- and five-photon upconversion lasers using an erbium-doped silica microsphere. This breakthrough demonstrates efficient short-wavelength laser generation from low-energy photons at room temperature.

Keywords:

multiphoton upconversion optical microcavity rare earth upconversion laser whispering gallery mode

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Area of Science:

Photonics
Materials Science
Quantum Optics

Background:

Rare earth elements offer long-lived intermediate energy levels suitable for multi-photon upconversion.
Multi-photon upconversion enables anti-Stokes lasing without strict phase matching or high pump power.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate simultaneous four- and five-photon upconversion lasers.
To achieve efficient short-wavelength laser generation using low-energy photons.
To fabricate a high-quality factor microsphere laser.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of an erbium-doped silica microsphere with a high intrinsic quality factor (1.2 × 10^8).
Continuous-wave (CW) excitation at 1535 nm.
Observation and characterization of four- and five-photon upconversion lasing.

Main Results:

Simultaneous four- and five-photon upconversion lasers were achieved at room temperature.
Ultralow lasing thresholds of 176 μW (four-photon) and 600 μW (five-photon) were recorded.
The microlaser demonstrated stable lasing intensity.

Conclusions:

This work represents the first separate demonstration of four- and five-photon upconversion lasing from rare earth elements under CW pumping at room temperature.
The findings offer a promising pathway for developing high-performance short-wavelength lasers.
Efficient upconversion lasing from low-energy photon excitation is feasible.