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High-efficiency nonlinear frequency conversion enabled by optimizing the ferroelectric domain structure in x-cut LNOI

Yawen Su1, Xinyu Zhang1, Haiwei Chen1

  • 1National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)
|December 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers optimized ferroelectric domain engineering in thin film lithium niobate ridge waveguides. This breakthrough enables efficient nonlinear frequency conversion for advanced photonic devices.

Keywords:
electric field polingferroelectric domain engineeringlithium niobate on insulatorsecond harmonic generation

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Information

Background:

  • Ferroelectric domain engineering in thin film lithium niobate is crucial for photonic devices in classical and quantum information processing.
  • Periodic poling of ridge waveguides offers advantages over selective etching but faces challenges in fabricating high-quality ferroelectric domains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize the fabrication of high-quality ferroelectric domains in lithium niobate ridge waveguides.
  • To enhance nonlinear frequency conversion efficiency in periodically poled nano-waveguides.

Main Methods:

  • Optimized applied electric field distribution for domain engineering.
  • Characterized inverted domains using second harmonic confocal microscopy, piezoresponse force microscopy, and chemical selective etching.
  • Investigated nonlinear frequency conversion via second harmonic generation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved rectangular inverted domain structures in ridge waveguides, suitable for efficient nonlinear frequency conversion.
  • Measured a normalized conversion efficiency of 1,720 % W⁻¹ cm⁻² for second harmonic generation.
  • The achieved efficiency is approximately 60% of the theoretical value.

Conclusions:

  • The developed fabrication technique successfully creates high-quality ferroelectric domains in lithium niobate ridge waveguides.
  • This method is promising for developing high-efficiency, low-loss lithium niobate nonlinear photonic devices.
  • The findings contribute to advancements in photonic devices for information processing.