Impact of eyesight, BMI, and the use of screen-based devices on mental well-being

To observe any association between mental health and potential contributors, i.e., BMI, eyesight, and number of screen-based devices in young adults.

The study proceeded after obtaining the necessary ethical approval (Ref. # 689/ERC/CMH/LMC) from the institutional ERC at CMH LMC & IOD. It was a cross-sectional study, conducted with undergraduate students aged 16-25 years from June to September 2022 at Department of Physiology at CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry. Those who had any history of using CNS stimulants or depressants were excluded from the study. The data was collected via a pre-designed, validated questionnaire. Sample t-test, single tail one-way ANOVA, and post-hoc Tukey's test were used for statistical analysis, ensuring a 95% confidence interval.

A non-significant percentage increase in mental well-being (MWB) score of 7.09% was found in males (p=0.142). No significant difference was observed in MBW scores and BMI (p=0.129), however, underweights showed the minimum scores (38.8±7.1). In all eyesight groups, no significant difference was noticed in MBW scores (p=0.316), though those who collectively present with hyperopia and myopia expressed minimum scores (35.4±9.8). The use of different screen-based devices showed a significant association with mental health (p=0.041), while the lowest MBW scores were found in those who were using only smartphones (38.9±8.0). There was no discernible difference in MWB for daily screen time.

Students who used only smartphones had significantly lower MWB scores than those who used smartphones and laptops. The study found low MWB scores among underweight individuals and those who were with both eye-sight issues i.e. myopia as well as hyperopia.