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Receiver Operating Characteristic Plot01:15

Receiver Operating Characteristic Plot

A ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) plot is a graphical tool used to assess the performance of a binary classification model by illustrating the trade-off between sensitivity (true positive rate) and specificity (false positive rate). By plotting sensitivity against 1 - specificity across various threshold settings, the ROC curve shows how well the model distinguishes between classes, with a curve closer to the top-left corner indicating a more accurate model. The area under the ROC curve...

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Four-channel graphene optical receiver.

Laiwen Yu1, Yurui Li2,3,4, Hengtai Xiang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)
|December 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a silicon-integrated optical receiver using graphene photodetectors (GPDs). This device supports high-speed data transmission, advancing graphene photonic integrated circuits for optical communications.

Keywords:
graphene photodetectorsoptical receiverphoto-thermoelectric effectsilicon photonicswavelength division multiplexing

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Silicon photonics is key for high-capacity optical communications due to low power consumption and fabrication costs.
  • Graphene photodetectors (GPDs) offer broadband operation, high speed, and low integration costs, complementing SiGe photodetectors for wavelengths beyond 1.6 μm.
  • Integrating GPDs onto silicon platforms is crucial for next-generation optical interconnects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To realize a silicon-integrated four-channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical receiver.
  • To demonstrate the performance of photo-thermoelectric GPDs in a WDM receiver architecture.
  • To showcase the potential of mechanically exfoliated graphene in large-scale photonic integrated circuits.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a silicon-integrated WDM optical receiver using a micro-ring resonator (MRR) array.
  • Integration of four p-n homojunction graphene photodetectors (GPDs) with a single mechanically exfoliated hBN/graphene/hBN stack.
  • Characterization of GPD responsivity, bandwidth, and the WDM receiver's data transmission capabilities.

Main Results:

  • The photo-thermoelectric GPDs achieved zero-bias responsivities of approximately 1.1 V/W and a 3-dB bandwidth exceeding 67 GHz.
  • The GPDs demonstrated high consistency due to a compact active region (0.006 mm²) and uniform graphene stack.
  • The WDM graphene optical receiver successfully transmitted 4 × 16 Gbps non-return-to-zero optical signals.

Conclusions:

  • This work presents the first GPD-array-based optical receiver utilizing high-quality mechanically exfoliated graphene and low-resistance edge contacts.
  • The demonstrated WDM receiver is compatible with both mechanically exfoliated and CVD-grown graphene.
  • The study highlights the feasibility of large-scale integration of GPDs with high consistency, promoting graphene photonic integrated circuits.