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Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Optimization, Test and Diagnostics of Miniaturized Hall Thrusters
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Hall effect thruster impedance characterization in ground-based vacuum test facilities.

David R Jovel1, Janice D Cabrera1, Mitchell L R Walker1

  • 1School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.

Journal of Electric Propulsion
|December 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hall effect thrusters (HETs) exhibit AC characteristics due to plasma oscillations. This study uses impedance analysis to quantify HETs' resistive, capacitive, and inductive properties, revealing key insights into their dynamic behavior.

Keywords:
Electrical facility effectsHall thruster AC characteristicsHall thrustersImpedance

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Area of Science:

  • Spacecraft Propulsion
  • Plasma Physics

Background:

  • Hall effect thrusters (HETs) are typically viewed as DC devices, but their discharge current shows time-varying AC characteristics due to complex plasma dynamics.
  • Quantifying these oscillations is challenging because HETs are nonlinear, time-variant electrical loads.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overcome the challenges of analyzing nonlinear, time-variant HET loads.
  • To characterize the effective resistance and reactance of HET discharges using small-signal impedance analysis.
  • To develop a novel diagnostic for measuring HET impedance and AC characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted small-signal impedance analysis on a 7-kW class HET.
  • Measured impedance magnitude and phase from 100 Hz to 300 kHz with a ±2 V excitation signal.
  • Operated the HET on krypton at two conditions: 4.5 kW, 15 A and 6 kW, 20 A.

Main Results:

  • Quantified resistive, capacitive, and inductive elements within the HET discharge.
  • Estimated breathing mode capacitance at 12.6 µF and inductance at 15.3 µH for the 4.5 kW, 15 A condition.
  • Validated impedance measurements against power spectral density plots, showing good agreement within ±2.4 kHz.

Conclusions:

  • Small-signal impedance analysis is effective for characterizing HETs as nonlinear, time-variant loads.
  • The developed impedance measurement diagnostic provides valuable insights into HET AC behavior.
  • This method aids in understanding and optimizing HET performance by quantifying plasma oscillation impacts.