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Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
The hydrogen atoms linked to carbons are arranged in two different axial and equatorial orientations to achieve this...

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

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In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

Conformations of Cyclohexane

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Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Using Optical Tweezers for the Generation of Hybrid Spheroids

Using Optical Tweezers for the Generation of Hybrid Spheroids

Published on: May 30, 2025

Generation of hexagonal close-packed ring-shaped structures using an optical vortex.

Haruki Kawaguchi¹, Kei Umesato¹, Kanta Takahashi¹

¹Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)

|December 5, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Optical vortex laser beams enable direct printing of nanoparticle rings, creating structural color. This technique shows potential for nanoscale particle sorting and advanced micro-fabrication.

Keywords:

laser induced forward transfer nanostructures optical vortex orbital angular momentum singular optics structural colors

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2025

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Fabrication of Magnetic Nanostructures on Silicon Nitride Membranes for Magnetic Vortex Studies Using Transmission Microscopy Techniques

Fabrication of Magnetic Nanostructures on Silicon Nitride Membranes for Magnetic Vortex Studies Using Transmission Microscopy Techniques

Published on: July 2, 2018

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Nanotechnology
Materials Science

Background:

Optical vortices are structured light beams with helical wavefronts and orbital angular momentum (OAM).
Structured light, including optical vortices, has enabled novel applications in fundamental physics and advanced fabrication.
Laser-based material transfer is a key technique in nano-/micro-fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate the application of single-pulse optical vortex laser beams for direct printing of nanoparticle structures.
To investigate the interaction of optical vortex beams with dielectric and metallic nanoparticles.
To explore the potential of this technique for nanoscale particle sorting.

Main Methods:

Utilized a single-pulse optical vortex laser beam.
Fabricated ring-shaped structures from hexagonal close-packed, mono-/multi-layered nanoparticles.
Compared interactions with dielectric and metallic nanoparticles.

Main Results:

Successfully printed ring-shaped nanoparticle structures exhibiting structural color.
Gained physical insight into the interaction of OAM with matter.
Demonstrated the potential for optical vortex nanoparticle sorting.

Conclusions:

Optical vortex laser beams are effective for direct printing of nanoparticle structures.
The technique offers a novel approach to photonic-based nano-/micro-fabrication.
This method shows significant promise for nanoscale particle sorting.