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Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

UV–Vis Spectrum

When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
The UV–Vis spectrum of a molecule is the plot of its absorbance versus wavelength. The plot is drawn by taking molar absorptivity (ε) or log ε on the y-axis (ordinate)...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

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Transmission-Line Differential Equations01:26

Transmission-Line Differential Equations

Transmission lines are essential components of electrical power systems. They are characterized by the distributed nature of resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C) per unit length. To analyze these lines, differential equations are employed to model the variations in voltage and current along the line.
Line Section Model
A circuit representing a line section of length Δx helps in understanding the transmission line parameters. The voltage V(x) and current i(x) are measured from the...
Bewley Lattice Diagram01:12

Bewley Lattice Diagram

The Bewley lattice diagram, developed by L. V. Bewley, effectively organizes the reflections occurring during transmission-line transients. It visually represents how voltage waves propagate and reflect within a transmission line, making it easier to understand the complex interactions that occur.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Fabrication of Magnetic Nanostructures on Silicon Nitride Membranes for Magnetic Vortex Studies Using Transmission Microscopy Techniques
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Digitized subwavelength surface structure on silicon platform for wavelength-/polarization-/charge-diverse optical

Xiaoping Cao1,2, Nan Zhou1,2, Shuang Zheng1,2

  • 1Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)
|December 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a compact silicon chip that generates diverse optical vortices, enabling higher capacity in optical communications. This device supports multiple wavelengths, polarizations, and high-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes with high purity.

Keywords:
integrated optics devicesoptical communicationsoptical vorticessubwavelength structures

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Engineering
  • Optical Communications
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Optical vortices with orbital angular momentum (OAM) offer a degree of freedom for scaling optical communication capacity.
  • Existing optical vortex generators face limitations in size, bandwidth, and the order of OAM modes they can produce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, fabricate, and demonstrate a novel, compact optical vortex generator.
  • To achieve wavelength-, polarization-, and charge-diverse optical vortex generation on a silicon platform.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the direct-binary search (DBS) optimization algorithm to design a digitized subwavelength surface structure.
  • Fabricated the proposed structure on a silicon platform.
  • Experimentally characterized the device's performance, including OAM mode purity and crosstalk.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated an ultra-compact device (∼3.6 × 3.6 μm²) with an ultra-wide bandwidth (1480-1630 nm).
  • Successfully generated high-order OAM modes (up to OAM±2) for both x- and y-polarizations with >84% purity.
  • Achieved low mode crosstalk, with worst-case values below -14 dB for polarization-diverse modes and below -10 dB for charge-diverse modes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed digitized subwavelength surface structure is an effective solution for generating diverse optical vortices.
  • The device enables multi-dimensional multiplexing by accessing wavelength, polarization, and spatial (OAM) dimensions of light.
  • This work paves the way for chip-scale solutions for advanced optical communication systems.