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B-cell dynamics underlying poor response upon split-inactivated influenza virus vaccination.

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Summary

Vaccination with Fluzone elicits distinct H1N1 HA-specific memory B-cell responses. Persistent responders show increased activated B-cells, while non-responders exhibit elevated transitional and IgM+ memory B-cells, impacting vaccine efficacy.

Keywords:
Fluzone vaccineadultshumoral responseinfluenzamemory B-cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Understanding B-cell memory is crucial for effective influenza vaccination.
  • Individual immune responses to vaccines can vary significantly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in H1N1 HA-specific memory B-cell responses after Fluzone vaccination.
  • To compare immune profiles of persistent responders versus non-responders.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of participants into persistent responders and non-responders based on HAI titers.
  • Analysis of H1N1 HA-specific B-cell subsets (CD21, plasmablasts, plasma cells, transitional B-cells, IgM+, IgA, IgG, DN cells) pre- and post-vaccination.
  • Dimensionality reduction and correlation analyses.

Main Results:

  • Persistent responders showed higher fold change in activated B-cells (CD21+, plasmablasts, plasma cells).
  • Persistent non-responders exhibited increased transitional B-cells and higher frequency/fold change of IgM+ memory B-cells.
  • Distinct patterns of IgA, IgG, and double-negative (DN) memory B-cell responses were observed between groups.
  • Correlations between HAI titers and specific B-cell subsets differed between responders and non-responders.

Conclusions:

  • Influenza vaccination induces differential memory B-cell responses based on prior immune status.
  • Identifying distinct B-cell profiles can inform strategies to improve influenza vaccine effectiveness.
  • Further research into vaccine-induced memory B-cell complexities is warranted.