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Interfacing differently oriented biaxial van der Waals crystals for negative refraction.

Ruey-Tarng Liu¹, Chia-Chien Huang²

¹Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)

|December 5, 2024

Summary

This study demonstrates negative refraction using natural biaxial alpha-molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) van der Waals materials. These findings pave the way for advanced optical devices and integrated photonic circuits.

Keywords:

hybrid plasmon–phonon polariton hyperbolic materials image polariton negative refraction phonon polariton van der Waals material

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Nanophotonics

Background:

Negative refraction is crucial for applications like imaging and sensing, often requiring complex hyperbolic metamaterials.
Natural van der Waals (vdW) materials offer an accessible alternative to engineered metamaterials due to their layered structure.
Most vdW materials exhibit uniaxial properties, limiting hyperbolicity to out-of-plane orientations, hindering planar integration.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential of natural biaxial alpha-molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) for achieving in-plane hyperbolicity and negative refraction.
To explore the integration of α-MoO3 with tunable graphene and a gold substrate for optical applications.
To demonstrate novel optical phenomena including negative refraction, simultaneous positive and negative refractions, and diffractionless propagation.

Main Methods:

Numerical simulations were employed to model the optical properties of heterostructures.
The study focused on interfacing differently oriented α-MoO3 slabs coated with tunable graphene on a gold substrate.
Analysis covered a broad range of frequencies and angles of incidence.

Main Results:

Demonstrated negative refraction by interfacing oriented α-MoO3 slabs with graphene and gold.
Observed simultaneous positive and negative refractions, offering versatile optical control.
Achieved diffractionless propagation, a key phenomenon for advanced optical functionalities.

Conclusions:

Biaxial α-MoO3 van der Waals materials enable in-plane hyperbolic properties and negative refraction.
The proposed platform offers flexible manipulation of mid-infrared polaritons.
Findings support the use of 2D vdW materials for nanoscale super-resolution imaging, molecular sensing, and photonic integrated circuits.