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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
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Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac...
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Updated: Jun 5, 2025

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats
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World Stroke Organization: Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2025.

Valery L Feigin1, Michael Brainin2, Bo Norrving3

  • 1National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.

International Journal of Stroke : Official Journal of the International Stroke Society
|December 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability globally, with a substantial increase in cases and deaths from 1990 to 2021. The majority of the stroke burden affects lower-income countries, driven by metabolic, environmental, and behavioral risk factors.

Keywords:
Strokeincidencemortalityprevalencestatisticstransient ischemic attack

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Non-Communicable Diseases

Background:

  • Stroke is a major global non-communicable disorder, ranking as the second leading cause of death and third leading cause of combined death and disability worldwide.
  • The global burden of stroke significantly impacts public health and healthcare systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its associated risk factors between 1990 and 2021.
  • To provide updated statistics for informing stakeholders on stroke's impact.

Main Methods:

  • Data derived from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 Study.
  • Analysis of stroke burden and risk factors from 1990 to 2021.

Main Results:

  • Global stroke costs exceed US$890 billion (0.66% of global GDP).
  • Significant increases observed from 1990-2021: 70.0% in incident strokes, 44.0% in deaths, 86.0% in prevalent strokes, and 32% in DALYs.
  • The majority of stroke burden (87.0% of deaths, 89.0% of DALYs) is in lower-income and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs).
  • Metabolic risks (69.0%), environmental risks (37.0%), and behavioral risks (35.0%) are major contributors to stroke.

Conclusions:

  • The World Stroke Organization (WSO) Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2025 offers current data on stroke burden.
  • Statistics are approved by the WSO Executive Committee and Global Burden of Disease research group leaders.
  • This information is crucial for effective communication with stakeholders regarding stroke prevention and management.