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Can a Hybrid Line Break a Selection Limit on Behavioral Evolution in Mice?

Layla Hiramatsu1, Vincent Careau2, Theodore Garland3

  • 1Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.

Behavior Genetics
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Summary

Artificial selection for high running performance in mice reached a limit due to an evolved negative genetic trade-off between running speed and duration. Hybridization did not overcome this limit, highlighting the impact of genetic correlations on evolutionary potential.

Keywords:
Artificial selectionGenetic architectureHeterosisHybridVoluntary exerciseWheel running

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Animal behavior genetics

Background:

  • Artificial selection for high running performance (HR) in mice resulted in lines reaching apparent selection limits.
  • Despite reaching limits, additive genetic variance for running traits was maintained.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in additive-genetic variances and covariance of running speed and duration in HR lines.
  • To determine if crossing HR lines could break the selection limit.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized animal models to analyze genetic variances and covariances after 68 generations of selection.
  • Crossed two HR lines and continued directional selection on the hybrid and parental lines for nine generations.

Main Results:

  • The genetic correlation between speed and duration evolved from positive to negative in parental HR lines.
  • Hybrid lines showed increased heritability for speed and duration but maintained a negative genetic correlation.
  • Hybrid mice exhibited heterosis for running distance, but this was transient, and the selection limit was not surpassed.

Conclusions:

  • An evolved genetic trade-off between running speed and duration likely explains the inability to break the selection limit.
  • Despite renewed genetic variance, the negative correlation between component traits constrained improvements in overall running distance.