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Action Potential

Action Potential

Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they...

Propagation of Action Potentials

Propagation of Action Potentials

The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

A Visual Guide to Sorting Electrophysiological Recordings Using 'SpikeSorter'

A Visual Guide to Sorting Electrophysiological Recordings Using 'SpikeSorter'

Published on: February 10, 2017

RT-Sort: An action potential propagation-based algorithm for real time spike detection and sorting with millisecond

Tjitse van der Molen^1,2, Max Lim^1,2, Julian Bartram³

¹Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America.

|December 5, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces RT-Sort, a novel real-time spike sorting algorithm. It enables immediate neural signal analysis during recordings, facilitating advanced closed-loop experiments.

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Interfacing Microfluidics with Microelectrode Arrays for Studying Neuronal Communication and Axonal Signal Propagation

Published on: December 8, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Computational Neuroscience
Bioengineering

Background:

High-density multi-electrode devices enable detection of individual neuron action potentials.
Traditional spike sorting occurs post-recording, limiting real-time applications.
Real-time analysis is crucial for advanced neuroscience experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a spike sorting algorithm capable of real-time analysis during neural recordings.
To enable closed-loop experiments with minimal latency.

Main Methods:

Utilized unique action potential propagation patterns along axons.
Employed high-fidelity sequential activations on adjacent electrodes.
Developed a convolutional neural network-based spike detection algorithm integrated into RT-Sort.

Main Results:

RT-Sort achieves real-time spike sorting within 7.5ms ± 1.5ms of waveform trough.
Demonstrated functionality on Multi-Electrode Arrays and Neuropixels probes.
Enabled closed-loop experiments with latencies comparable to synaptic delays.

Conclusions:

RT-Sort provides true real-time spike sorting capabilities.
This advancement significantly enhances the potential for dynamic neuroscience research.
RT-Sort is adaptable to various electrophysiological recording hardware.