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Current innovations in mRNA vaccines for targeting multidrug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens
Saber Imani1, Shuojie Lv1, Hongbo Qian1
1Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China.
Abstract:
The prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) ESKAPE pathogens, including Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, represents a critical global public health challenge. In response, mRNA vaccines offer an adaptable and scalable platform for immunotherapy against ESKAPE pathogens by encoding specific antigens that stimulate B-cell-driven antibody production and CD8+ T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, effectively neutralizing these pathogens and combating resistance. This review examines recent advancements and ongoing challenges in the development of mRNA vaccines targeting MDR ESKAPE pathogens. We explore antigen selection, the nuances of mRNA vaccine technology, and the complex interactions between bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance. By assessing the potential efficacy of mRNA vaccines and addressing key barriers to their paraclinical implementation, this review highlights the promising function of mRNA-based immunization in combating MDR ESKAPE pathogens.
Insights
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines show promise for combating multidrug-resistant (MDR) ESKAPE pathogens. This adaptable immunotherapy platform stimulates antibody and T-cell responses to fight these critical infections.
Area of Science:
- Vaccinology and Infectious Diseases
- Molecular Biology and Immunology
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research
Background:
- Multidrug-resistant (MDR) ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) pose a significant global health threat.
- The rise of antibiotic resistance necessitates novel therapeutic strategies beyond traditional antibiotics.
- Existing treatments are becoming less effective against these highly adaptable and dangerous bacteria.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in mRNA vaccine development targeting MDR ESKAPE pathogens.
- To explore the potential of mRNA vaccine technology as a scalable immunotherapy platform.
- To identify and address challenges in the preclinical implementation of these vaccines.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive review of current scientific literature on mRNA vaccine technology and ESKAPE pathogens.
- Analysis of antigen selection strategies for effective immune response induction.
- Examination of mRNA vaccine platforms, including formulation and delivery considerations.
Main Results:
- mRNA vaccines can encode antigens to elicit both B-cell (antibody) and CD8+ T-cell responses against ESKAPE pathogens.
- This dual immune response mechanism offers a potent strategy for pathogen neutralization and overcoming resistance.
- Recent progress shows feasibility in targeting specific ESKAPE pathogens with mRNA vaccine candidates.
Conclusions:
- mRNA vaccine technology presents a highly adaptable and promising approach for developing immunotherapies against MDR ESKAPE pathogens.
- Further research and development are crucial to overcome preclinical and clinical implementation barriers.
- mRNA-based immunization holds significant potential to combat the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance.
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