[On the mechanisms of actions of tumor promoters]

Development of cancers requires a long time and multiple steps, which is understood as tumor promotion and has been studied experimentally using tumor promoters, especially phorbol ester tumor promoters, e.g., TPA. Discovery of Nishizuka that protein kinase C is a receptor to phorbol esters initiates a new era in the study of tumor promotion. This symposium is organized for reviewing recent progresses in mechanisms of actions of tumor promoters.