Association of sarcopenia, ambient air pollution and cognitive function in a community-dwelling middle-aged and
Jane J Lee1,2, Hae Dong Woo1, Ji Hyun Kim1
1Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, The Republic of Korea.
Objectives:
To investigate the association of sarcopenia, exposure to medium-term to long-term ambient particulate matter 2.5 µm and 10 µm (PM2.5 and PM10) pollution and cognitive function in a community-dwelling cohort of middle-aged and older adults in South Korea.
Design:
A community-based prospective cohort study.
Setting:
In the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).
Participants:
The participants were drawn from the seventh follow-up visit conducted between 2015 and 2016 in the KoGES community-based Ansung cohort who had participated in an ageing substudy.
Outcome Measures:
Cognitive function was evaluated by the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) and decreased cognitive function was defined as a K-MMSE score of 23 or less.
Results:
Of the 2274 participants (mean age 70.1 years, 58.3% women and mean annual PM2.5 and PM10 levels of 30.7 and 52.2 μg/m3, respectively), 8.7% (n=197) were sarcopenic, 35.8% (n=814) were possible sarcopenic and 55.5% (n=1263) were non-sarcopenic. The predictors of sarcopenia included body mass index, cognitive function, age, marital status, hypertension and physical activity. Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 for an average duration of 1 month to 3 years was not selected as a predictor of sarcopenia. Participants with sarcopenia were associated with lower cognitive scores (β=-1.51, p<0.0001) and decreased cognitive function compared with those without sarcopenia (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.56 to 3.52). Exposure to medium-term and long-term PM2.5 or PM10 was not associated with sarcopenia. The effect modification of PM exposure on the association between sarcopenia and cognitive function was generally not detected.
Conclusions:
In this community-based observational cohort study of KoGES participants aged 50 years and older, sarcopenia was associated with decreased cognitive function. However, medium-term to long-term exposure to PM2.5 or PM10 was not associated with sarcopenia and did not modify the relationship between sarcopenia and cognitive function.
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