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Prevented fractions of cardiovascular disease cases, by long-term adherence to the Mediterranean diet; the ATTICA

Evangelia Damigou1, Costas Anastasiou1, Christina Chrysohoou2

  • 1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676, Athens, Greece.

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD
|December 5, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Long-term adherence to the Mediterranean diet prevented approximately 30% of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia cases. This healthy eating pattern offers significant public health benefits for various population groups.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional epidemiology
  • Public health
  • Preventive medicine

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its comorbidities (type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia) pose a significant health burden.
  • The Mediterranean diet is recognized for its potential to mitigate this burden.
  • Quantifying the impact through Prevented Fraction for the Population (PFP) can promote dietary adherence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To calculate the PFP of CVD, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.
  • To assess the impact of long-term adherence to the Mediterranean diet over 20 years.
  • To identify specific population groups that could benefit most from the Mediterranean diet.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study (ATTICA) with adult participants initially free of CVD (2002-2022).
  • Assessment of CVD, T2DM, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia using WHO-ICD-10 criteria.
  • Evaluation of Mediterranean diet adherence using the MedDietScore.

Main Results:

  • Long-term adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with the prevention of approximately 30% of cases for all studied outcomes.
  • Significant preventive effects were observed across CVD, T2DM, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.
  • Male, older, and comorbid participants showed potential for greater benefit from sustained adherence.

Conclusions:

  • The Mediterranean diet should be promoted as a sustainable lifestyle change, not a temporary diet.
  • Public health strategies should prioritize targeting specific populations, including males, older adults, and those with existing comorbidities.
  • Emphasizing long-term adherence can maximize the preventive potential of the Mediterranean diet.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseComorbiditiesLong-term habitsMediterranean dietPopulation prevented fraction

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