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Related Concept Videos

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

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An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
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Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Aromatic and Antiaromatic Compounds01:14

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In aromatic compounds, such as benzene, the circulation of (4n + 2) π-electrons sets up a diamagnetic or diatropic ring current around the perimeter of the molecule. This current induces a magnetic field that opposes the external field inside the ring and reinforces it on the outside. The protons in benzene are deshielded and exhibit high chemical shifts in the range 6.5–8.5 ppm. The shielding effect at the center of the ring is evident in complex aromatic molecules, such as...
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Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...
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Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
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Chirality-Induced Majorana Zero Modes and Majorana Polarization.

Song Chen1, Hua-Hua Fu1,2

  • 1School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.

ACS Nano
|December 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered a new method to create Majorana zero modes (MZMs) in topological superconductors using chiral helix molecules. This chirality-induced Majorana polarization (CIMP) offers a novel way to control and detect these elusive particles.

Keywords:
Majorana zero modeschirality-induced Majorana polarizationchirality-induced spin selectivitycircular helix moleculestopological superconductor

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Physics

Background:

  • Realizing Majorana Fermions is a significant challenge in topological superconductors.
  • Topological superconductors are exotic states of matter with potential applications in quantum computing.
  • Controlling and detecting Majorana zero modes (MZMs) is crucial for advancing this field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a physical mechanism and material platform for realizing Majorana zero modes (MZMs).
  • To investigate the role of structural chirality in the generation and properties of MZMs.
  • To establish a method for controlling and detecting MZMs via chirality-induced effects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing open circular helix molecules (CHMs) proximity coupled with s-wave superconductors.
  • Employing interconnected-CHM chains coupled with phase-bias s-wave superconducting heterostructures.
  • Investigating the relationship between structural chirality, Majorana polarization (MP), and chirality-induced spin polarization (CISP).

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a material platform for generating MZMs associated with CHM structural chirality.
  • Introduced chirality-induced Majorana polarization (CIMP), where handedness dictates Majorana polarization.
  • Established a link between CIMP and chirality-induced spin polarization (CISP), enabling MZM regulation.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed mechanism provides an effective route to realize and control MZMs.
  • Chirality-induced Majorana polarization (CIMP) offers a novel approach to manipulate Majorana zero modes.
  • Spin-polarized current measurements related to the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect can detect MZMs.