Dynamics of Ferroelectric Flux Closure Array in Oxide Superlattices

Topological polar soliton such as skyrmions, merons, vortices, flux closures represent topologically nontrivial structures with their stability governed by specific boundary conditions. These polar solitons can be utilized in enhancing memory density and reducing energy consumption in nanoelectronic devices. Flux closure domains exhibit high density and thermal stability, with a strain gradient as large as ≈10⁶ m^-1 at the core, which is tunable by adjusting the materials thickness, periodicity. The practical utilization of topological structures like flux closure in advanced applications requires the ability to manipulate them using external stimuli and ensuring their stability under thermal excitation. In this study, piezo-force microscopy is employed to investigate the manipulation of flux closure nano-domains through external electric field and temperature to observe their evolution. The findings demonstrate that the application of electric field can create or annihilate these nano-domains and modify their density. Temperature variations significantly affect the density of flux closure domains, domain walls, correlating with enhanced capacitance of the system. This is crucial for improving the memory density of storage devices. Thus, by adjusting the density of these domains, it is possible to tailor the functional properties of nanoelectronic devices, such as capacitance and electromechanical response, enabling advanced application.